linus pauling vitamin c, lysine protocol

2015;10(12):e0144920. You may hyperlink to this website but must include the following statement: "This link leads to a website provided by the Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University. (PubMed). 2004;27(4):925-930. Divergent effects of alpha-tocopherol and vitamin C on the generation of dysfunctional HDL associated with diabetes and the Hp 2-2 genotype. Current evidence of the efficacy of intravenous vitamin C in cancer patients is limited to observational studies, uncontrolled interventions, and case reports(174, 175). (PubMed), 157. 2007;104(21):8749-8754. PDF How do I know the Pauling Therapy is working and how long will it take? Micronutrient intake in relation to all-cause mortality in a prospective Danish cohort. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2013;97(4):800-807. (PubMed), 89. Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) is a potent reducing agent, meaning that it readily donates electrons to recipient molecules (Figure 1). The information is made available with the understanding that the author and publisher are not providing medical, psychological, or nutritional counseling services on this site. (PubMed), 3 Camarena V, Wang G. The epigenetic role of vitamin C in health and disease. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2005;135(7):1673-1677. Nutrients. Nutr Rev. (PubMed), 79 Park Y, Spiegelman D, Hunter DJ, et al. Free Radic Biol Med. Finally, mutations in genes coding for vitamin C-dependent TET demethylases, mutations that are common in cancer cells, may also contribute to resistance to vitamin C treatment (165). 2010;126(6):1504-1512. 2013;33:45-70. Hu X, Yuan L, Wang H, et al. Early symptoms of scurvy like fatigue may result from diminished levels of carnitine, which is needed to derive energy from fat, or from decreased synthesis of the catecholamine norepinephrine (see Function). 2017;9(11). ", Linus Pauling Institute | Oregon State University 14. 2008;26(3):297-304. In addition to taking vitamin C to prevent atherosclerosis, Pauling recommended a combination of vitamin C and the amino acids lysine and proline to help remove existing plaque while strengthening weak and damaged arteries. Linus Pauling Institute Adv Nutr. For instance, in a study of 747 older men, blood lead concentration was significantly higher in those who reported total dietary vitamin C intakes averaging less than 109 mg/day compared to those with higher vitamin C intakes (181). Cognition in MCI and Alzheimer's disease: baseline data from a longitudinal study of the NTB. J Res Pharm Pract. (PubMed). Depletion-repletion pharmacokinetic experiments demonstrated that plasma vitamin C concentration is tightly controlled by three primary mechanisms: intestinal absorption, tissue transport, and renal reabsorption (22). (PubMed), 188. In parallel to these dietary assessment studies, a strong inverse association between plasma vitamin C and mortality from all-causes, cardiovascular disease, and ischemic heart disease (and cancer in men only) was observed in the EPIC-Norfolk multicenter, prospective cohort study (128). (PubMed), 39. (PubMed), 59. Kabat GC, Kim MY, Wactawski-Wende J, Shikany JM, Vitolins MZ, Rohan TE. (PubMed), 192. Cardiovasc Diabetol. Regarding the incidence of colds, a difference was observed between two groups of participants. 10th ed. A systematic review. Prevalence of gout and hyperuricemia in the US general population: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2008. JAMA. 2012;95(5):1079-1088. Levine M, Padayatty SJ, Espey MG. Vitamin C: a concentration-function approach yields pharmacology and therapeutic discoveries. Wei L, Liang G, Cai C, Lv J. 25. (PubMed), 173. 2001;21(3):235-237. In addition, there is currently little evidence to support a role for vitamin C in the management of patients with gout (123). (PubMed), 175. High Blood Pressure | Linus Pauling Institute | Oregon State University Research Associate The most recent large prospective cohort study found an inverse association between dietary vitamin C intake and CHD mortality in Japanese women, but not in men (48). A meta-analysis of 10 trials that examined antioxidant vitamins, of which five included vitamin C, found no association between any antioxidant vitamin (vitamin C, vitamin E, or -carotene), administered alone or in combination, and risk of stroke (60). Intravenous vitamin C and cancer: a systematic review. Liposomal-encapsulated ascorbic acid: influence on vitamin C bioavailability and capacity to protect against ischemia-reperfusion injury. PLoS One. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. (PubMed), 91. Most multivitamin supplements provide at least 60 mg of vitamin C. Whether older adults have higher requirements for vitamin C is not yet known with certainty, yet some older populations have been found to have vitamin C intakes considerably below the RDA of 75 and 90 mg/day for women and men, respectively (207). While these NIH studies are the best we currently have regarding the pharmacokinetics of vitamin C in the human body, they have numerous limitations, including the fact that they are based on a small number of young, healthy men and women. Liebman M, Chai WW, Harvey E, Boenisch L. Effect of supplemental ascorbate and orange juice on urinary oxalate. Antioxidants for Alzheimer disease: a randomized clinical trial with cerebrospinal fluid biomarker measures. There is no scientific evidence that large amounts of vitamin C (up to 10 grams [g]/day in adults) exert any adverse or toxic effects. Liu C, Russell RM. Aspirin can impair vitamin C status if taken frequently (201). Another meta-analysis of trials found no effect of vitamins E and C, alone or in combination, on measures of -cell function and insulin resistance(146). In a cross-sectional study conducted in 4,576 African Americans, the odds of having hyperuricemia was associated with dietary intakes high in fructose, low in vitamin C, or with high fructose-to-vitamin C ratios (118). We currently do not know how much vitamin C is required to achieve saturation of cells and tissues in children, older adults, and diseased or stressed individuals. Criteria and recommendations for vitamin C intake. Phase I safety trial of intravenous ascorbic acid in patients with severe sepsis. Supplemental Forms | Linus Pauling Institute | Oregon State University In addition, a 2013 systematic review by the same investigators identified only two small randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials that examined the effect of vitamin C on the incidence of respiratory infection-induced asthma(179). The anticancer mechanism of intravenous vitamin C action is under investigation. Overall, an inverse association between fruit and vegetable intake and risk of NHL was observed. There is some evidence, though controversial, that vitamin C interacts with anticoagulant medications like warfarin (Coumadin). For a more detailed discussion on the bioavailability of different forms of vitamin C, see the article,The Bioavailability of Different Forms of Vitamin C. Severe vitamin C deficiency has been known for many centuries as the potentially fatal disease, scurvy. The effect of vitamin C supplementation, in combination with other antioxidants, on CSF biomarkers and cognitive function has been examined in only a few trials involving AD patients. 2013;5(11):4284-4304. (PubMed), 28. Plasma ascorbic acid concentrations relate inversely to blood pressure in human subjects. 2013;9(1):46. 2013;13:52. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. Vitamin C. In: Erdman JWJ, Macdonald IA, Zeisel SH, eds. A benefit of regular vitamin C supplementation was also seen in the duration of colds, with a greater benefit in children than in adults: The pooled effect of vitamin C supplementation was a 14% reduction in cold duration in children and an 8% reduction in adults.

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