did catherine de medici have a daughter named clarissa

[4] Without Catherine, it is unlikely that her sons would have remained in power. [40] Nevertheless, all his official acts began with the words: "This being the good pleasure of the Queen, my lady-mother, and I also approving of every opinion that she holdeth, am content and command that". Thenceforth the problem of religion was one of power, public order, and administration. [45] Neither saw the need to punish Protestants who worshipped in private and did not take up arms. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. [19] Clement visited the newlyweds in bed the next morning and added his blessings to the night's proceedings. During this time, she presided over a distinctive late French Renaissance culture in all branches of the arts. By 1610, the school patronised by the late Valois court and brought to its pinnacle by Franois Clouet had all but died out. It was designed by Francesco Primaticcio (15041570), with sculpture by Germain Pilon (15281590). She was born with her father's birthmark on Many historians have blamed Catherine for the attack on Coligny. The throne of France was held by Francis I, also known as Francis [109] On 23 December 1588, he asked the Duke of Guise to call on him at the Chteau de Blois. Catherine had at least taken the precaution of marrying Margaret, her youngest daughter, to Navarre. The years during which her sons reigned have been called "the age of Catherine de' Medici" since she had extensive, if at times varying, influence in the political life of France.[1]. She was not primarily responsible for the more far-reaching Treaty of Saint-Germain (August 1570), but she succeeded in disgracing the Guises. Thus occupied, Catherine lived privately though she was appointed regent in 1552 during Henrys absence at the siege of Metz. The problems facing the monarchy were complex and daunting. In 1568, she was beaten, punched and had her hair pulled out by Catherine and her brother Charles after a secret affair with Henry of Guise. Within a month of Catherine's birth, both her parents were dead: Madeleine died on 28 April of puerperal fever, and Lorenzo died on 4 May. Sebastian instead had Clarissa poisoned to fulfill Nostradamus' prophecy that Mary's arrival at the French court would cause Catherine's firstborn's death; Clarissa was technically Catherine's first child, and her death supposedly saved the sickly Prince Francis, the oldest legitimate child, from his own death. She may have owed her change of fortune to the physician Jean Fernel, who may have noticed slight abnormalities in the couple's sexual organs and advised them how to solve the problem. [121], The musical shows in particular allowed Catherine to express her creative gifts. Babelon, Jean-Pierre. Historian Frances Yates has called her "a great creative artist in festivals. [29] Henry gave the Chteau of Chenonceau, which Catherine had wanted for herself, to Diane de Poitiers, who took her place at the centre of power, dispensing patronage and accepting favours. [60], In 1566, through the ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, Guillaume de Grandchamp de Grantrie, and because of a long-standing Franco-Ottoman alliance, Charles and Catherine proposed to the Ottoman Court a plan to resettle French Huguenots and French and German Lutherans in Ottoman-controlled Moldavia, in order to create a military colony and a buffer against the Habsburg. Three of her sons became kings of France, while two of her daughters married kings and one married a duke. [57] Catherine, however, was delighted with the death of her ally. In 1578, she took on the task of pacifying the south. On 12 May 1588, they set up barricades in the streets and refused to take orders from anyone except the Duke of Guise. * * *. The wedding, a grand affair marked by extravagant display and gift-giving,[19] took place in the glise Saint-Ferrol les Augustins in Marseille on 28 October 1533. She was buried, but she went on to escape from her gravesite. Nevertheless, the Peace of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, signed on 8 August 1570 because the royal army ran out of cash, conceded wider toleration to the Huguenots than ever before. Henry was carried to the Chteau de Tournelles, where five splinters of wood were extracted from his head, one of which had pierced his eye and brain. [8] King Francis wanted Catherine to be raised at the French court, but Pope Leo refused, claiming he wanted her to marry Ippolito de' Medici. WebClarice Orsini (on the left) with her sister-in-law Bianca Maria de' Medici. Margaret later recalled that she saved the lives of several prominent Huguenots during the massacre by keeping them in her rooms and refusing to admit the assassins. Clarice de' Medici She took to her bed with a fever. In 1593, Henry proposed an annulment of their marriage because he desperately needed an heir. De Medici From that moment, she abandoned compromise for a policy of repression. [118] There were also hundreds of portraits, for which a vogue had developed during Catherine's lifetime. It has been suggested that Catherine educated her son, Henry III, in the dark arts,[145] and that "the two devoted themselves to sorceries that were scandals of the age". Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Catherine also made many visit in returns and Charles was said to be genuinely fond of his mother-in-law. Over the years, Catherine gave birth to ten children of which five were daughters. Catherine's husband, now Henry II, had been cared for at age eleven by Diane de Poitiers, who was twenty years his senior. [21] King Francis lamented, "The girl has come to me stark naked."[22]. She was the only one of Catherines children to inherit her good health. Despite her considerable power, Leeza is the least favorite of Catherine's children, and underneath her tough facade is a legitimate desire for her mother's affections. For a summary of the fluctuations in Catherine's historical reputation, see the preface to R. J. Knecht's. [11], In 1527, the Medici were overthrown in Florence by a faction opposed to the regime of Clement's representative, Cardinal Silvio Passerini, and Catherine was taken hostage and placed in a series of convents. Knecht 1998, p. 28, gives likely incorrect dates of 25 September 1533 for the death of Pope Clement VII and 12 October for the election of Pope Paul III. They finally married on 18 August, but Margaret persisted until the end, she offered no resistance, she gave no assent. Her head was pushed down by her brother as if she were nodding yes and so she became the Queen of Navarre. "[106] As usual, Catherine advised the king, who had fled the city in the nick of time, to compromise and live to fight another day. [78], The St. Bartholomew's Day massacre, which began two days later, has stained Catherine's reputation ever since. In early 1572, Joan Henrys mother and Queen regnant of Navarre arrived in France feeling ill and tired but determined to see the marriage negotiations through. The Spanish ambassador told Philip II that the abscess was about to burst.[103]. Hoogvliet, 111. In the Series Season One Season Two Season Three Season Four Philip II excused himself from the occasion. 16th-century Italian noblewoman and queen consort of France, Consorts to debatable or disputed rulers are in. Therefore, her policies may be seen as desperate measures to keep the House of Valois on the throne at all costs and her patronage of the arts as an attempt to glorify a monarchy whose prestige was in steep decline. Because their birth very nearly cost Catherine her life, the king's physician advised the king that there should be no more children; therefore, Henry II stopped visiting his wife's bedroom and spent all his time with his longtime mistress, Diane de Poitiers. [50] Catherine failed because she saw the religious divide only in political terms. [77] Whatever the truth, the bloodbath that followed was soon beyond the control of Catherine or any other leader. The next pope, Alessandro Farnese, was elected on 13 October and took the title Paul III. Clarissa and Catherine Elizabeth I was treated with similar suspicionshe too entertained questionable characters (such as her advisor, John Dee), and produced no official heir.

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