eeio emission factors

Resour. The breakdown of these data into the records given in Table2 is not identical to that given in Table1 of the original USEEIO description2, but all these data are aggregated during model construction (see Model Construction section), and therefore the breakdown just describes the form of these data as they are originally processed and imported. An analogous series of direct impact coefficient (D matrix) comparison charts are also provided for interpretation68, but are not analyzed in depth here. However, changes in the Make Transactions have resulted in a substantial increase in the quantity assigned to the Corn products commodity; Other basic organic chemicals, which is one of the largest generators of CRHW, supplies a significantly higher share of Corn products in the make transactions, increasing from approximately 4% of total commodity output in 2007 to 37% in 2012. In v2.0, the industrial water withdrawal sectors were expanded to include sectors within NAICS 11, 23, 48, 51, 54, 56, and 81, as defined in the USGS to NAICS crosswalk in flowsav1.0.1 and as recommended by the USGS. In addition, because scope 3 sources may represent most of an organizations GHG emissions, they often offer emissions reduction opportunities. The element-wise product of B and adjusts B for the flow year differences and effectively converts B into a harmonized 2012 year form. This is an update from v1.1, where value added data were taken from BEA Summary level Use tables for more recent years and adjusted as described in the documentation5. General Information. U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD) https://doi.org/10.23719/1503688 (2019). Bigelow, D. & Borchers, A. Facts and figures. https://pasteur.epa.gov/uploads/10.23719/1365565/documents/USEEIOv1.1-DescriptionofSatelliteTableUpdates.pdf (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2017). Where particular elementary flows are reported in both NEI and TRI, flows are maintained from the NEI only to prevent double counting. PDF Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories However, the BEA table is insufficient in two aspects: Most BEA codes have explicit correspondence with NAICS codes, but BEA codes in several sector groups, including construction (23), government (G), and final demand (F), are not aligned with specific NAICS industries. Three standard national level demand vectors were created for use with the model to calculate potential impacts of US consumption, production and consumption from households. The general equation for emissions estimation is: E = A x EF x (1-ER/100) where: E = emissions; A = activity rate; While the model does cover these impacts, they are modeled with a domestic technology assumption, which assumes imports are produced with the same inputs and produce the same emissions per dollar commodity as US commodites. Emissions from purchased goods and services and capital goods represent a significant emissions source for many organizations. The Water_national_2015_m1 model does not include water returns, as available estimates for water returns are from 1995 and do not account for advances and updates in machinery52. The disaggregation process is carried out by disaggregating distinct sections of the Use and Make tables. The matrix M is a flow x sector matrix and contains in each row i the direct plus indirect flows per 1 USD output of the sector in column j. is a commodity x year price type adjustment matrix prepared using Eq. In v2.0, Scrap is left in the model to simplify the accounting procedures, but we do not recommend use of multipliers generated from Scrap because of the lack of a clear material or functional characterization of this commodity. To assist in quantifying these emissions, we have developed a comprehensive set of supply chain emission factors covering all categories of goods and services in the US economy. State level USDA CoA data are used to calculate fractions of land use by animal type, which are multiplied by state level MLU pasture and grazed land. 2021 Global Factors Bundle Starting at 595 Global electricity, homeworker and hotel factors in one convenient bundle. Industry underlying estimates. Technol. U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD) https://doi.org/10.23719/1524312 (2021). Shifts in sector impact intensity (as present in the D and N matrices) between v1.2 and v2.0 are attributed to a combination of changes in methodology for resource allocation to industry sectors, primary and allocation data sources, source data years, and economic growth or decline within industries between the related source data years, after the currency year adjustment Eqs. Value added is a collection of the monetary benefits industries provide to government (as taxes), employees (as wages), and to their shareholders (as profits). EIA manufacturing land area is considered part of the urban land total rather than a stand-alone industrial area category. 13). Following transformation of all satellite tables, environmental flows are compared across satellite tables to check for potential duplication. If heat content is available from the fuel supplier, it is preferable to use that value. In Fig. U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD) https://doi.org/10.23719/1517571 (2020). ERR-288 https://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/pub-details/?pubid=101624 (U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2021). Global warming potential (GWP) is a factor describing the radiative forcing impact (degree of harm to the atmosphere) of one unit of a given GHG, relative to one unit of CO 2 over a 100-year time horizon. CESER@epa.gov, Amendment 1 to Supply Chain Factors Description, SUPPLY CHAIN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION FACTORS FOR US INDUSTRIES AND COMMODITIES-.PDF, Appendix 3 - Industry and Commodity Reference Lists, Appendix 4 - Distribution, Wholesale and Retail Margins for Industries and Commodities, Appendix 5 - National Level Gross Output and Direct Emission Trends, Appendix 6 - Annual Change in Supply Chain Emission Factors, Appendix 7 - Contribution Analysis for Supply Chain Emissions, Appendix 8 - Comparing Summary and Detail Level Direct and Supply Chain Emission Factors, Appendix 9 - Comparing Commodity-based and Industry-based Supply Chain Emission Factors at the Detail Level. Chemical releases reported by facilities in these datasets include toxic releases, metal compounds, nutrients, and organic pollutants. Users should be aware of the limitations of using the Rest of World results. National emissions inventory 2017. https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-inventories/national-emissions-inventory-nei (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2019). v2.0 relies on the BLS QCEW data for the employment satellite table to maintain a consistent employment data source throughout all environmental accounts, as BLS QCEW is used as an allocation source. Each demand vector was derived from the BEA Detail 2012 Use table. National Biennial Hazardous Waste Report 2011. https://www.epa.gov/hwgenerators/biennial-hazardous-waste-report (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2012). The model will support BETOs mission to develop technologies for producing cost-competitive advanced biofuels from non-food biomass resources, including cellulosic biomass, algae, and wet waste (e.g., biosolids).. Monthly Energy Review - 2014. https://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/ (U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2016). They have been updated for 201756. We examine these differences by indicator in a series of grouped charts comparing v2.0 and v1.2 impact coefficients (N matrix) by sector and indicator67. The scope 3 emissions for one organization are the scope 1 and 2 emissions of another organization. Complete Hr and Hf matrices with results for all indicators and by sector are available online73. This report describes the preparation of those factors with a background on the modeling associated with this preparation, and presents extensive analysis of the factors, including supporting equations and results in two appendices. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS Chemical releases to air are sourced from 2017 reported emissions data from the National Emissions Inventory (NEI)28 and Toxic Release Inventory (TRI)29. 3, B is in flow x commodity form after transforming BI into this form with the market shares matrix transformation. The technical model name for the model described here is USEEIO v2.0.1411 following the USEEIO versioning scheme as of model finalization9, but it is referred to throughout simply as v2.0. Emissions (carbon intensity) associated with fuel combustion. Developed by EPA researchers in support of the Agencys sustainable materials management program, USEEIO melds data on economic transactions between 389 industry sectors with a wealth of environmental information, including data on land, water, energy and mineral use, air pollution, nutrients, and toxics. https://www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2020). WRI's Sustainability Data | World Resources Institute 21. where lc is the column representing the commodity of interest from the L matrix, and dn is the transposed row representing the indicator of interest from the D matrix. US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Washington, USA, General Dynamics Information Technology, Inc, Falls Church, VA, 22042, USA, Eastern Research Group, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA, You can also search for this author in Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Major uses of land in the united states 2012. https://www.ers.usda.gov/webdocs/publications/84880/eib-178.pdf?v=6791.3 (US Department of Agriculture, 2017). These variances are due to methodology changes when allocating land use to 6-digit NAICS. U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD) https://doi.org/10.23719/1369615 (2017). https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-11/documents/2014_smmfactsheet_508.pdf (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2016). LCIA formatter. Heijungs, R. & Suh, S. The Computational Structure of Life Cycle Assessment. For the Scrap (S00401) commodity, the entirety of the production value is assigned to the Material separation/recovery facilities (562920) industry, under the assumption that these facilities are the ones responsible for recovering scrap during waste management. Report No. The Use table is normalized by the industry output vector, x, to result in a commodity x industry direct requirements matrix. 17, 19) matrix, representing total indicator amount for each indicator. The Water_national_2015_m1 model differs from the Water Use Satellite table compiled for v1.13 in several ways. As such, it is becoming an important addition to material flow accounting . In agricultural sectors, the consumption of other agricultural commodities are the primary drivers of SMOG. In the case of the new waste commodity and industry totals, they summed to within 1% of the Waste and Remediation commodity and industry totals in the 2012 BEA Detail Make and Use tables. Service Annual Survey Historical Data (NAICS-basis): 2015. https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2015/econ/services/sas-naics.html (U.S. Census Bureau, 2016). W.I. USEEIO. EPA Report: Supply Chain Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors for U.S. Industries and Commodities Where multiple 6-digit NAICS are present, the following assumptions are used: 56211: Most of the flows are to the Hazardous waste collection sector (more detail on this below). 16, 157167, https://doi.org/10.1080/0953531042000219286 (2004). For most sectors, the commodity values are distributed using the percentages obtained from the disaggregation of the waste management industries in the Use table. 20095041 https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095041 (U.S. Geological Survey, 2009). Blackhurst, M., Hendrickson, C. & Vidal, J. S. I. Overview of GHG Protocol scopes and emissions across the value chain. A series of coefficient matrices are provided that are products of combining more than one of the economic, physical flow, and indicator components. For waste management disaggregation, a subset of the RCRAInfo database that contains waste flows from shipping facilities to receiving/storage facilities (arranged by NAICS sector codes) was used. Figure 1. A symbol represents the transposed (rows and columns switched) form of a matrix or vector. Young, B., Birney, C. & Ingwersen, W. National point source releases to ground by industry 2017 v1.1. ~98% of commodities have a value of 10.025. A revision to the mapping of NAICS to BEA sectors for NAICS 23 Construction fixed an error in v1.1 that resulted in substantially lower emissions coefficients. Life Cycle Databases | GHG Protocol Capital letters indicate matrices and lower case letters indicate vectors. Handbook of methods. Data are assigned to sectors based on facility-reported NAICS. We define consumption as final use within the US of all goods and services that are both produced and sold within the US or imported. Many organizations will improve the accuracy of scope 3 emissions over time and expand to include more categories as adequate data become available. The state data are summed to calculate national land use by animal type for pasture and grazed land. The USDA CoA state data was summed with the allocated MLU remainder land for total grazing land by animal. In past models, nonpoint air emissions from industrial combustion were not mapped to sectors due to insufficient data. Truck transportation, Water transportation, Rail transportation are commodities in set m for transportation). Report No. PubMedGoogle Scholar. New for v2.0 is the use of a standard flow list for representing elementary flows, or raw materials from or returning to the technosphere. This use applies the same ranking approach used in Fig. However when this demand vector is applied to the model, output of these commodities is positive due to industry consumption, reflecting the commodity output totals. J. Econ. A similar effect can be seen in the increase in ETOX for Fresh vegetables, melons, and potatoes which is also driven by pesticides, where.lambda.-Cyhalothrin, Chlorothalonil, and Cyfluthrin contribute 27%, 22%, and 19%, respectively, to this impact. . Since SIMAP does not have an emissions category for other GHG, these emissions were added to the CO2 emissions factors as CO2-equivalents. Name of source. https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/water-resources/science/water-use-terminology?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects (2019). Crop water use is calculated by multiplying irrigated harvested cropland acreage and water application rates for different crops48,49. Scope 3 emission sources include emissions both upstream and downstream of the organizations activities. Water_national_2015_m1 no longer includes water withdrawal for hydroelectric power, as the USGS stopped estimating national water withdrawals for this category in 200055. The full names of the indicators in the columns are given in Table3. Subsequently the country supply-use tables were linked via trade creating an MR-SUT and producing a MR-IOTs . This is a necessary first order approximation since we found no publicly available data to confirm this for the disaggregated waste sectors.

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